STRUCTURES

Structure is a collection of different datatype variables under a single name.


Structure is a method of packing data of different datatypes.


Syntax:


struct


{


datatype var1;


....


datatype var n;


};


Example:


struct stud
{
       int studno;
      char studname[20];
      char classname[10];
} stud1,stud2;


Structure elements are stored in contiguous memory locations.


Number of bytes occupied in memory is:


int studno : 2bytes.


char studname : 20bytes.


char classname : 20bytes.


Total bytes occupied in memory is: 42 bytes(2+20+20).




Access fields of a structure with the “.” notation.




Example:


stud1.studno=10;


strcpy(stud1.studname,”Ram”);


strcpy(stud1.classname,”First”);


The values of the structure variables can be assigned to another structure variable of the same type using the assignment operator.


Example:


stud1=stud2;


One can be nested within another.


Example:


struct studper


{
      float studpercen;
     struct stud studinfo;
}studper1;


Example program:


main()
{
       struct stud
     {
              int sno;
             char sname[20];
      }stud1;
      printf(“\nEnter student number:”);
      scanf(“%d”,stud1.sno);
      printf(“\nEnter student name:”);
      scanf(“%s”,stud1.sname);
      printf(“\nStudent number:%d”,stud1.sno);
      printf(“\nStudent name:%s”,stud1.sname);
}


Output:


Enter student number:1


Enter student name:RAJA


Student number:1


Student name:RAJA